Law and Human Behavior

Law and Human Behavior ^® is a multidisciplinary forum for the publication of articles and discussions of issues arising from the relationships between human behavior and the law, the legal system, and the legal process.

The journal publishes original research, reviews of earlier research results, and theoretical studies. Coverage spans criminal justice, law, psychology, sociology, psychiatry, political science, education, communication, and other areas germane to the field.

This is the official journal of the American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS)/Division 41 of APA.

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Law and Human Behavior^® is a registered trademark of American Psychological Association

Editor

Margaret Bull Kovera
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York

Associate Editors

David DeMatteo
Drexel University

Amy Bradfield Douglass
Bates College

Bradley D. McAuliff
California State University, Northridge

Patricia A. Zapf
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York

Past Editors

Brian Cutler
University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada

Richard Wiener
University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Ronald Roesch
Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada

Michael J. Saks
Arizona State University

Bruce Sales
Indiana University

Consulting Editors

Paul S. Appelbaum
Columbia University

Marcus Boccaccini
Sam Houston State University

Brian Bornstein
University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Eve M. Brank
University of Nebraska at Lincoln

Neil Brewer
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

Maggie Bruck
Johns Hopkins University

Steve Charman
Florida International University

Steven Clark
University of California at Riverside

Deborah Connolly
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Dennis Devine
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Kevin Douglas
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

John Edens
Texas A&M University

Eric Elbogen
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

David L. Faigman
University of California, Hastings College of Law

Par Anders Granhag
University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Edith Greene
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs

Thomas Grisso
University of Massachusetts Medical Center

Jennifer Groscup
Scripps College

Grant T. Harris
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Stephen D. Hart
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Maria Hartwig
John Jay College, City University of New York

Kirk Heilbrun
Drexel University

Larry Heuer
Columbia University

Jennifer S. Hunt
Buffalo State College

Matthew T. Huss
Creighton University

Saul Kassin
John Jay College, City University of New York

Norbert Kerr
Michigan State University

Daniel A. Krauss
Claremont McKenna College

Daryl Kroner
Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Amy Leach
University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario, Canada

Lora M. Levett
University of Florida

Joel C. Lieberman
University of Nevada, Las Vegas

Rod C. L. Lindsay
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Jennifer Eno Louden
University of Texas at El Paso

Robert MacCoun
University of California, Berkeley

Stephanie Madon
Iowa State University

Lindsay Malloy
Florida International University

Christian A. Meissner
Iowa State University

John Monahan
University of Virginia School of Law

Daniel C. Murrie
University of Virginia

Cynthia Najdowski
University of Albany

Jeffrey S. Neuschatz
University of Alabama at Huntsville

Steven Penrod
John Jay College, City University of New York

Kerri Pickel
Ball State University

Gianni Pirelli
Private Practice

Debra Poole
Central Michigan University

Jodi Quas
University of California, Irvine

Allison D. Redlich
University at Albany, State University of New York

Jennifer K. Robbennolt
University of Illinois College of Law

Richard Rogers
University of North Texas

Mary R. Rose
University of Texas at Austin

Barry Rosenfeld
Fordham University

David F. Ross
University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

R. Barry Ruback
Pennsylvania State University

Randall T. Salekin
University of Alabama

Jessica Salerno
Arizona State University

Regina A. Schuller
York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Michael C. Seto
Royal Ottawa Health Care Group, Ontario, Canada

Jay Singh
Molde University College, Molde, Norway

Diane Sivasubramaniam
Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia

Jennifer L. Skeem
University of California at Irvine

Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt University Law School

Brian C. Smith
Graceland University

Samuel Sommers
Tufts University

Loretta J. Stalans
Loyola University

Nancy K. Steblay
Augsburg College

Christina A. Studebaker
ThemeVision LLC and Barnes & Thornburg LLP

Colin Tredoux
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

Jodi Viljoen
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

Gina Vincent
University of Massachusetts Medical School

Aldert Vrij
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Glenn D. Walters
Kutztown University

Nathan Weber
Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia

Gary Wells
Iowa State University

Editorial Assistant

Amanda S. Nicholson
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York

Abstracting and indexing services providing coverage of Law and Human Behavior^®

Academic OneFile
Business Source
Criminal Justice Abstracts
CSA
Current Abstracts
Current Contents / Social & Behavioral Sciences
Current Index to Legal Periodicals
Current Law Index
Earthquake Engineering Abstracts
EBSCO
EMBASE
EMCare
Engineered Materials Abstracts
ERIH
Family & Society Studies Worldwide
Google Scholar
Index to Legal Periodicals and Books
Journal Citation Reports/Social Sciences Edition
JSTOR
N.C.J.R.S. Catalogue
OCLC
OmniFile
ProQuest
PsycINFO
PubMed/Medline
SCOPUS
Social Science Citation Index
Social SciSearch
Summon by Serial Solutions

Prior to submission, please carefully read and follow the submission guidelines detailed below. Manuscripts that do not conform to the submission guidelines may be returned without review.

Submission

Law and Human Behavior^® is now using a software system to screen submitted content for similarity with other published content. The system compares each submitted manuscript against a database of 25+ million scholarly publications, as well as content appearing on the open web.

This allows APA to check submissions for potential overlap with material previously published in scholarly journals (e.g., lifted or republished material). A similarity report will be generated by the system and provided to the Law and Human Behavior Editorial office for review immediately upon submission.

Submit manuscripts electronically (.rtf or .doc) through the Manuscript Submission Portal.

Margaret Bull Kovera
Professor of Psychology
John Jay College
City University of New York
445 W. 59th Street
New York, NY 10019
Email

Please supply complete contact information, including email addresses and fax numbers, for use by the editorial office and later by the production office. The majority of correspondence between the editorial office and authors is handled by email, so a valid email address is important to the timely flow of communication during the editorial process.

Masked Review Policy

Law and Human Behavior has in place a policy of masked review for all submissions. The cover letter should include all authors' names and institutional affiliations. Do not include any personal information (name, affiliation, etc.) anywhere in the manuscript or on the cover page. Every effort should be made to see that the manuscript itself contains no clues to the authors' identity.

Please ensure that the final version for production includes a byline and full author note for typesetting.

Manuscript Preparation

Prepare manuscripts according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6^th edition). Manuscripts may be copyedited for bias-free language (see Chapter 3 of the Publication Manual).

Review APA's Checklist for Manuscript Submission before submitting your article.

Double-space all copy. Other formatting instructions, as well as instructions on preparing tables, figures, references, metrics, and abstracts, appear in the Manual.

Below are additional instructions regarding the preparation of display equations, computer code, and tables.

Display Equations

We strongly encourage you to use MathType (third-party software) or Equation Editor 3.0 (built into pre-2007 versions of Word) to construct your equations, rather than the equation support that is built into Word 2007 and Word 2010. Equations composed with the built-in Word 2007/Word 2010 equation support are converted to low-resolution graphics when they enter the production process and must be rekeyed by the typesetter, which may introduce errors.

To construct your equations with MathType or Equation Editor 3.0:

Go to the Text section of the Insert tab and select Object.
Select MathType or Equation Editor 3.0 in the drop-down menu.

If you have an equation that has already been produced using Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010 and you have access to the full version of MathType 6.5 or later, you can convert this equation to MathType by clicking on MathType Insert Equation. Copy the equation from Microsoft Word and paste it into the MathType box. Verify that your equation is correct, click File, and then click Update. Your equation has now been inserted into your Word file as a MathType Equation.

Use Equation Editor 3.0 or MathType only for equations or for formulas that cannot be produced as Word text using the Times or Symbol font.

Computer Code

Because altering computer code in any way (e.g., indents, line spacing, line breaks, page breaks) during the typesetting process could alter its meaning, we treat computer code differently from the rest of your article in our production process. To that end, we request separate files for computer code.

In Online Supplemental Material
We request that runnable source code be included as supplemental material to the article. For more information, visit Supplementing Your Article With Online Material.

In the Text of the Article
If you would like to include code in the text of your published manuscript, please submit a separate file with your code exactly as you want it to appear, using Courier New font with a type size of 8 points. We will make an image of each segment of code in your article that exceeds 40 characters in length. (Shorter snippets of code that appear in text will be typeset in Courier New and run in with the rest of the text.) If an appendix contains a mix of code and explanatory text, please submit a file that contains the entire appendix, with the code keyed in 8-point Courier New.

Tables

Use Word's Insert Table function when you create tables. Using spaces or tabs in your table will create problems when the table is typeset and may result in errors.

Submitting Supplemental Materials

APA can place supplemental materials online, available via the published article in the PsycARTICLES^® database. Please see Supplementing Your Article With Online Material for more details.

Abstract and Keywords

All manuscripts must include an abstract containing a maximum of 250 words typed on a separate page. After the abstract, please supply up to five keywords or brief phrases.

References

List references in alphabetical order. Each listed reference should be cited in text, and each text citation should be listed in the References section.

Examples of basic reference formats:

Journal Article:
Hughes, G., Desantis, A., & Waszak, F. (2013). Mechanisms of intentional binding and sensory attenuation: The role of temporal prediction, temporal control, identity prediction, and motor prediction. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 133–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028566
Authored Book:
Rogers, T. T., & McClelland, J. L. (2004). Semantic cognition: A parallel distributed processing approach. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chapter in an Edited Book:
Gill, M. J., & Sypher, B. D. (2009). Workplace incivility and organizational trust. In P. Lutgen-Sandvik & B. D. Sypher (Eds.), Destructive organizational communication: Processes, consequences, and constructive ways of organizing (pp. 53–73). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.

Figures

Graphics files are welcome if supplied as Tiff or EPS files. Multipanel figures (i.e., figures with parts labeled a, b, c, d, etc.) should be assembled into one file.

The minimum line weight for line art is 0.5 point for optimal printing.

For more information about acceptable resolutions, fonts, sizing, and other figure issues, please see the general guidelines.

When possible, please place symbol legends below the figure instead of to the side.

APA offers authors the option to publish their figures online in color without the costs associated with print publication of color figures.

The same caption will appear on both the online (color) and print (black and white) versions. To ensure that the figure can be understood in both formats, authors should add alternative wording (e.g., "the red (dark gray) bars represent") as needed.

For authors who prefer their figures to be published in color both in print and online, original color figures can be printed in color at the editor's and publisher's discretion provided the author agrees to pay:

$900 for one figure
An additional $600 for the second figure
An additional $450 for each subsequent figure

Permissions

Authors of accepted papers must obtain and provide to the editor on final acceptance all necessary permissions to reproduce in print and electronic form any copyrighted work, including test materials (or portions thereof), photographs, and other graphic images (including those used as stimuli in experiments).

On advice of counsel, APA may decline to publish any image whose copyright status is unknown.

Download Permissions Alert Form (PDF, 13KB)

Publication Policies

APA policy prohibits an author from submitting the same manuscript for concurrent consideration by two or more publications.

APA requires authors to reveal any possible conflict of interest in the conduct and reporting of research (e.g., financial interests in a test or procedure, funding by pharmaceutical companies for drug research).

Download Disclosure of Interests Form (PDF, 38KB)

Authors of accepted manuscripts are required to transfer the copyright to APA.

For manuscripts not funded by the Wellcome Trust or the Research Councils UK
Publication Rights (Copyright Transfer) Form (PDF, 83KB)
For manuscripts funded by the Wellcome Trust or the Research Councils UK
Wellcome Trust or Research Councils UK Publication Rights Form (PDF, 34KB)

Ethical Principles

It is a violation of APA Ethical Principles to publish "as original data, data that have been previously published" (Standard 8.13).

In addition, APA Ethical Principles specify that "after research results are published, psychologists do not withhold the data on which their conclusions are based from other competent professionals who seek to verify the substantive claims through reanalysis and who intend to use such data only for that purpose, provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and unless legal rights concerning proprietary data preclude their release" (Standard 8.14).

APA expects authors to adhere to these standards. Specifically, APA expects authors to have their data available throughout the editorial review process and for at least 5 years after the date of publication.

Authors are required to state in writing that they have complied with APA ethical standards in the treatment of their sample, human or animal, or to describe the details of treatment.

Download Certification of Compliance With APA Ethical Principles Form (PDF, 26KB)

The APA Ethics Office provides the full Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct electronically on its website in HTML, PDF, and Word format. You may also request a copy by emailing or calling the APA Ethics Office (202-336-5930). You may also read "Ethical Principles," December 1992, American Psychologist, Vol. 47, pp. 1597–1611.

Appeals Process

For manuscripts rejected without review

Authors of manuscripts rejected without review may appeal the decision to the Editor-in-Chief, requesting a reconsideration of the decision. If that appeal is rejected but the author believes the decision is inappropriate, the author may appeal to the Executive Committee of the American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS), APA Division 41.

For manuscripts rejected after peer review

An author wishing to appeal a manuscript should direct the editorial appeal first to the associate editor who made the rejection. If the associate editor declines to further consider the manuscript, or the associate editor does a second review of the manuscript and still rejects it, the author may appeal next to the Editor-in-Chief. If the Editor-in-Chief believes the appeal has merit, the manuscript may be reassigned to a new associate editor for independent re-review. If the Editor-in-Chief rejects the appeal, the author may request that the appeal and the manuscript be sent to the Executive Committee of the American Psychology-Law Society (AP-LS), APA Division 41.

For rejected comments.

Decisions on comments are final and cannot be appealed.

Other Information

Police-Induced Confessions
A Scientific Review Paper and Commentaries of the American Psychology–Law Society (AP–LS), APA Division 41, originally published in Law and Human Behavior, Vol. 34, No. 1, February 2010. This collection reviews the literature on police interrogation and confession and distills from it important insights and policy recommendations.

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