Humanity's Dark Side: Evil, Destructive Experience, and Psychotherapy
For individuals in the U.S. & U.S. territories
Human destructiveness can take many forms, from the everyday "little" ways in which we hurt each other to atrocities like genocide and slavery. The capacity for such destructiveness is often referred to as humanity's "dark side." Although an abundance of literature considers possible origins of humanity's dark side, most of it ignores how psychotherapists conceptualize and deal with the dark side in therapy.
In this book, prominent writers on psychotherapy present different, sometimes opposing views on humanity's dark side and consider how these views impact their clinical practice.
- Must therapists address the dark side in order to help people grow constructively?
- Or can they work to develop clients' positive features without addressing the dark side at all?
- How does one help a victim of "evil" cope in therapy, and what if the client is a perpetrator?
Additional chapters address broader implications, such as whether psychology is a fundamentally moral enterprise, whether human negativity is necessarily immoral, and how organizations that strive for virtue might instead perpetuate vice.
Complete with engaging case studies, this book will stimulate dialogue on important philosophical issues that impact clinical practice and broader social interactions.
Contributors
Preface
Introduction: The Dark Side Metaphor
Arthur C. Bohart
I. Journeys Beyond the Carl Rogers–Rollo May Debate
- Radical Openness to Radical Mystery: Rollo May and the Awe-Based Way
Kirk J. Schneider - Whence the Evil? A Personalistic and Dialogic Perspective
Peter F. Schmid - Darth Vader, Carl Rogers, and Self-Organizing Wisdom
Arthur C. Bohart
II. Clinical Encounters With the Dark Side
- Theogonies and Therapies: A Jungian Perspective on Humanity's Dark Side
James Hollis - Decalogue, or How to Live a Life: Engendering Self-Examination
Edward Mendelowitz - Evil: An Experiential Constructivist Understanding
Larry M. Leitner - When People Do Bad Things: Evil, Suffering, and Dependent Origination
John Briere - The Ubiquity of Evil — And Multimodal Cognitive Treatment of Its Effects
Arnold A. Lazarus - Virtue and the Organizational Shadow: Exploring False Innocence and the Paradoxes of Power
Maureen O'Hara and Aftab Omer
III. Broader Implications: Is Psychology a Moral Endeavor?
- Beyond Good and Evil: Variations on Some Freudian Themes
David Livingstone Smith - Deny No Evil, Ignore No Evil, Reframe No Evil: Psychology's Moral Agenda
Ronald B. Miller - Feeling Bad, Being Bad, and the Perils of Personhood
Barbara S. Held
Afterword
Arthur C. Bohart
Index
About the Editors
Arthur C. Bohart, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at California State University, Dominguez Hills. He is best known for his work on the client's role as an active self-healing agent in psychotherapy. He has published a number of chapters and articles on this theme, including the book How Clients Make Therapy Work: The Process of Active Self-Healing (with Karen Tallman; 1999). His earlier work focused on the role of empathy in psychotherapy (e.g., Empathy Reconsidered: New Directions in Psychotherapy, coedited with Leslie S. Greenberg; 1997). He coedited Constructive and Destructive Behavior: Implications for Family, School, and Society (with Deborah J. Stipek; 2001). He has also published a number of papers and chapters on psychotherapy integration.
Barbara S. Held, PhD, is the Barry N. Wish Professor of Psychology and Social Studies at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Her work focuses on the theoretical, philosophical, and practical aspects of movements in psychology and psychotherapy and the epistemology and ontology of human/mental kinds.
She is the author of Back to Reality: A Critique of Postmodern Theory in Psychotherapy (1995), in which she provides theoretical and philosophical analysis of the postmodern linguistic turn in psychotherapy, and of Psychology's Interpretive Turn: The Search for Truth and Agency in Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology (2007), in which she examines recent hermeneutic, neopragmatic, and constructionist trends in the ontological and epistemological underpinnings of psychological inquiry.
She was the 2008–2009 president of the Society for Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology (APA Division 24), of which she is a fellow. She is also the author of numerous scholarly articles and chapters and has served on the editorial board of several journals. Trained as a clinical psychologist, she practiced therapy for 15 years.
In her popular book Stop Smiling, Start Kvetching: A 5-Step Guide to Creative Complaining (2001) and in subsequent scholarly articles, she challenges what she calls the "tyranny of the positive attitude in America" and as a result has become a leading critic of the positive psychology movement. This work has led to extensive national and worldwide media attention, including features in The New York Times, People magazine, and Smithsonian magazine, as well as appearances on NBC's Today show, ABC's World News, National Public Radio's Talk of the Nation and All Things Considered, the BBC, and the CBC. She lives with her husband on the coast of Maine.
Edward Mendelowitz, PhD, completed his doctoral studies at the California School of Professional Psychology, where he worked closely with Rollo May. He is on the board of editors for the Journal of Humanistic Psychology and is a contributor to some of the major compendiums of existential/humanistic/depth psychotherapy. He has presented numerous papers on psychology, psychotherapy, and their respective interrelations with the humanities in the United States, Europe, and, most recently, East Asia.
His work resides on the gnostic frontiers of psychology in its eloquent blending of art, literature, music, cinema, religion, philosophy, and clinical narrative with the more recognizable fare of theory and scholarship. His collage-like Ethics and Lao-tzu was called "an extraordinary moral narrative" by Robert Coles and "a remarkable book, a compendium of wisdom from an astonishing variety of sources" by the late psychoanalyst Allen Wheelis.
Dr. Mendelowitz is on the faculty of Saybrook Graduate School, is a lecturer at Tufts Medical Center, and Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of the Rockies. He writes a quarterly online column, Humanitas, for the Society of Humanistic Psychology and lives and works in Boston.
Kirk J. Schneider, PhD, is a leading spokesperson for contemporary existential–humanistic psychology. Dr. Schneider is current editor of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, vice president of the Existential–Humanistic Institute, and adjunct faculty at Saybrook University and Teachers College of Columbia University.
Dr. Schneider has published more than 100 articles and chapters and has authored or edited eight books, including The Paradoxical Self: Toward an Understanding of Our Contradictory Nature (1999); Horror and the Holy: Wisdom-Teachings of the Monster Tale (1993); The Psychology of Existence: An Integrative, Clinical Perspective (with Rollo May; 1994); The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology: Leading Edges in Theory, Research, and Practice (with James F. T. Bugental and J. Fraser Pierson; 2002); Rediscovery of Awe: Splendor, Mystery and the Fluid Center of Life (2004); Existential–Integrative Psychotherapy: Guideposts to the Core of Practice (2007); Existential–Humanistic Therapy (with Orah T. Krug; 2009; accompanying APA video also available); and Awakening to Awe: Personal Stories of Profound Transformation (2009).
In April 2010, Dr. Schneider delivered the opening keynote address at the First International (East–West) Existential Psychology Conference in Nanjing, China.
Intellectually rigorous and profoundly important, this book is highly recommended to clinicians and readers willing to grapple with difficult but fascinating questions about evil and destructiveness.
—New England Psychologist
A compelling read from start to finish.
—The Humanistic Psychologist
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